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What is ENSO? Page 2 - SSTs and trade winds

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  This is Page 2 of the sub-series "What is ENSO?". If you haven't already, please read Page 1 first. For convenience, keep that page open in a different tab. = = = What is ENSO? In the previous post , we learnt to identify ENSO phases from the perspective of sea surface temperature anomalies . In this post, I'm going to answer a question that no one really asked ―  What if I wanted to identify ENSO phases from the perspective of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) instead? What if, for no good reason but because I felt like it, I wanted to do away with the "anomalies" bit? Looking at SSTs instead of SST anomalies makes matters unnecessarily complicated, but we're going to do it anyway because it also teaches us a lot. In the image below, I've plotted SSTs from the HadISST dataset. These are mean SSTs for the months of December, January and February (DJF) over all years from 1872-2009. Why did we select the months of DJF? Because ENSO events can be seen...
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On Darwin's Lost World - Part II

<< Previous page So what do we (did Darwin) know by now (then) ? That living creatures from the very very ancient past (we're talking in terms of millions of years) were often found preserved in the rock record. That we could make out some things about the past environments from these fossils. Fossils showed specific associations: you saw only certain types and groups of fossils in certain suites of rocks (belonging to different periods of geological time). There came a dead end at the base of the Cambrian. Scientists like to call this the Cambrian Explosion today, but back then, many of them were more inclined to dismiss this either as a figment of the imagination of relatively smaller body of researchers, or simply, incomplete/inaccurate science. That the Creator had made us all, was the popular view. 3 theories emerged to explain why we see the Cambrian Explosion (if it even is a real thing!): Charles Lyell Interestingly, it is said that Lyell was...
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Yet another ENSO explainer

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There are hundreds of ENSO explainers on the internet, so what's the point of another one? This post ─ actually it will be a series of at least 10 posts ─ has two objectives: (a) To help laypeople (i.e. people with no formal training in climate science) understand the good science communication pieces out there, and (b) To help journalists discuss ENSO more accurately.   I am not interested in re-writing the same things which have been written about numerous times and satisfactorily before. I'd like to instead direct the reader to these good sources, but in a step-wise and digestible manner.   There are various aspects to ENSO. It is not only one of the most important climate phenomena of our world, but also a tremendously interesting one. My focus here is to relate it to Indian climate, and so I will broadly try to follow this path: (i) What is ENSO? (ii) How does it affect Indian climate? (iii) How will it affect Indian climate in the context of climate change? = = = Wh...
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